amputate
英 ['æmpjuteɪt] 美 ['æmpjuteɪt]
v.切断；截（肢）
◉Etymology
“Amputate”源自拉丁语“amputāre”，意为“切断”或“修剪”，由“am-”（周围，可能加强语气）和“putāre”（修剪、切割）组成。“Putāre”与“compute”（计算）和“dispute”（争论）同根，原意为“清理”或“整理”，暗示精确的分割动作。16世纪，“amputate”进入英语，最初专指外科手术中的肢体切除，尤其在战场医疗中用于描述因创伤或感染而进行的截肢手术。随着医学发展，其用法扩展到任何器官或组织的切除，偶尔也用于比喻，如“切除不良资产”。其核心意象围绕“切除”与“分离”，带有不可逆转的严肃性。
◉外刊例句
《The New York Times》（2023年12月5日）
Doctors had to amputate his leg to save his life after the accident.
事故后，医生不得不截断他的腿以保住他的生命。
《The Guardian》（2024年11月10日）
The infection spread so rapidly that surgeons chose to amputate her arm.
感染扩散得如此之快，外科医生决定截断她的手臂。
◉经典名著
《白鲸》（Moby-Dick）——赫尔曼·梅尔维尔 (1851年)
The surgeon warned that they might need to amputate the sailor’s crushed foot.
外科医生警告说，他们可能需要截断水手被压碎的脚。
《战争与和平》（War and Peace）——列夫·托尔斯泰 (1865-1869年，英译本）
After the battle, the field hospital was filled with cries as limbs were amputated.
战斗后，野战医院里充满了截肢时的哭喊声。
◉Usage Examples
(1) It may be necessary to amputate his foot.
(2) Her arm is so badly injured they will have to amputate (it).
(3) Her leg was so badly damaged that the doctors had to amputate.
(1) 切除他的脚是必要的。
(2) 她的胳膊伤势严重，他们不得不锯掉(它).
(3) 她的那条腿伤得很厉害，医师只得将其截除。
◉Usage Notes
Use the verb amputate when you need to describe the surgical removal of a limb, such as an arm or a leg. For example, a doctor might amputate an accident victim's badly crushed arm.
o doubt you hope you'll never have to tell someone that you have to amputate, but if you do make sure you pronounce the word correctly, with the accent on the first syllable: "AM-pyo-tate." Amputate comes from the Latin word amputat-, meaning "lopped off." It can describe the removal of limbs or digits from both humans and animals.
◉Colins
1. [VERB 动词]切断；截(肢) To amputate someone's arm or leg means to cut all or part of it off in an operation because it is diseased or badly damaged. [V n] [have n V-ed] [Also V]
To save his life, doctors amputated his legs...
为了挽救他的生命，医生们截掉了他的双腿。
He had to have one leg amputated above the knee.
他的一条腿不得不从膝部以上截断。
amputation
He lived only hours after the amputation.
截肢后，他只活了几个小时。
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